The controlling biblical record and chronological anchor.
Companion timeline · peoples beyond the promised line
Nations and kingdoms
Nimrod, Esau, and the surrounding world
Follow the rulers, rivalries, settlements, and family lines surrounding Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, and Moses. The established Creation-year timeline remains the backbone; Jasher supplies additional historical detail without being presented as Scripture.
Read the evidence label first
Four labels keep the sources from being blended.
Additional narrative or interval from the on-site public-domain Jasher text.
A year derived from an established birth, age, lifespan, or stated interval.
A sequence, identity, or number that the sources do not settle cleanly.
The parallel lives
Where the principal tracks overlap
Select any name or colored bar to open its individual KJV-first study page. Jasher supplies Esau’s death point; the KJV does not record it.
Creation year 165601
Nations and settlements
The Flood closes the former world
Noah · Shem · Ham · JaphethThe companion history begins with the household preserved through the Flood. The nations followed here descend from Noah’s three sons.
After the Flood02
Nations and settlements
Families become nations
Shem · Ham · JaphethGenesis names the families from which the nations spread. No exact year is supplied for every settlement, so this marker begins a period rather than claiming a single migration date.
Creation year 175703
Nations and settlements
Peleg is born; division belongs to his days
Peleg · EberScripture says the earth was divided in Peleg’s days, but does not date the division to his birth. The timeline therefore preserves the birth year without turning it into a date for Babel.
CY 1908 · calculated04
Kings and rule
Nimrod’s reported lifespan begins
Nimrod · CushJasher reports that Nimrod died at 215. Counting backward from its placement of his death in Esau’s fifteenth year produces a working birth year of 1908. Scripture gives no age for Nimrod.
CY 1928 · Jasher age count05
Kings and rule
Nimrod becomes a mighty hunter
NimrodJasher says Nimrod was twenty when he put on the garments attributed to Adam and became strong. The KJV independently identifies him as a mighty hunter and names the beginning of his kingdom.
CY 1948 · Jasher age count06
Kings and rule
Nimrod is raised as king
Nimrod · TerahJasher places Nimrod’s decisive victory and coronation when he was forty and names Terah as captain of his host. This age sequence conflicts by ten years with Jasher’s later statement that Nimrod reigned 185 years; both statements are retained for examination.
Creation year 194807
Family lines
Abram is born inside Nimrod’s world
Abram · Terah · NimrodThe established Creation count places Abram’s birth in 1948. Jasher connects Terah’s household directly to Nimrod’s court; Genesis records Abram’s family without that court narrative.
Near CY 1996 · sequence placement08
Rivalries and wars
Babel is scattered
Nimrod · the families of the earthGenesis supplies no absolute year for Babel. Jasher places Peleg’s death in Abram’s forty-eighth year and immediately describes the post-tower dispersal. The marker is therefore deliberately approximate.
After Babel · no exact year09
Nations and settlements
Seir and other post-Babel settlements appear
Seir the Horite · Ashur’s families · Canaanite citiesJasher describes Seir settling the mountain country later associated with Esau and Edom. It belongs after the scattering, but the text does not provide an absolute Creation year.
Creation year 202310
Family lines
Abram and Lot enter Canaan
Abram · Sarah · LotAbram’s age of seventy-five fixes the journey in the established Creation count. Lot’s presence connects the promised family to the cities of the plain.
CY 2028 · Jasher interval11
Kings and rule
The cities of the plain revolt
Chedorlaomer · Sodom · GomorrahJasher places the revolt in Abram’s fifth year in Canaan and agrees with Genesis that the cities served Chedorlaomer twelve years and rebelled in the thirteenth.
CY 2033 · Jasher interval12
Rivalries and wars
Chedorlaomer defeats Nimrod
Chedorlaomer · Nimrod · Arioch · TidalIn the tenth year of Abram’s dwelling in Canaan, Jasher describes Chedorlaomer defeating his former lord Nimrod and gathering the kings later named in Genesis 14.
About CY 2034 · narrative sequence13
Rivalries and wars
Abram rescues Lot from the four kings
Abram · Lot · Chedorlaomer · AmraphelGenesis names Amraphel king of Shinar; Jasher identifies that king with Nimrod. Because the KJV does not make that identification, it remains labeled as Jasher’s testimony.
Creation year 203414
Family lines
Ishmael is born
Ishmael · Hagar · AbrahamAbraham was eighty-six when Ishmael was born. His line becomes a continuing companion track through Havilah and the Egyptian years.
Creation year 204815
Nations and settlements
Sodom falls; Moab and Ammon emerge from Lot’s line
Lot · Moab · Ben-ammiThe destruction is placed with Isaac’s promised birth in the existing patriarchal sequence. Genesis and Jasher then trace Moab and Ammon to Lot’s daughters; their births are not assigned a more exact year than the surrounding sequence allows.
Creation year 210816
Family lines
Esau and Jacob are born
Esau · Jacob · Isaac · RebekahIsaac’s age of sixty fixes the twins’ birth. Rebekah’s two nations now become visible as separate but interacting tracks.
Creation year 212317
Rivalries and wars
Abraham dies; Esau kills Nimrod
Abraham · Esau · Nimrod · JacobJasher places Nimrod’s death after Abraham’s death, in the twins’ fifteenth year, and connects the exhausted Esau’s return with the sale of the birthright. Genesis records Abraham’s death and the birthright, but not Esau killing Nimrod.
About CY 2126 · Jasher sequence18
Kings and rule
Isaac sojourns with Abimelech in Gerar
Isaac · Rebekah · Abimelech · PhilistinesThe famine and Gerar account show the promised family interacting with Philistine authority. Jasher places the episode near the twins’ eighteenth year; Genesis does not name its absolute year.
Creation year 214819
Family lines
Esau marries in the land
Esau · Judith · HittitesEsau was forty when he took Hittite wives. Jasher follows his hunting into Seir and names Judith first; Genesis records the grief the marriages brought Isaac and Rebekah.
Creation year 217120
Rivalries and wars
The blessing divides the brothers’ paths
Jacob · Esau · Isaac · RebekahJasher says Jacob was sixty-three when the blessing was given and he first hid with Eber. Esau returned to Seir, and the rivalry moved from the household into two developing peoples.
CY 2171 · established lifespan21
Nations and settlements
Ishmael’s 137 years end
Ishmael · Nebajoth · MahalathThe established lifespan count ends Ishmael’s life in 2171. Jasher describes the notice in Jacob’s sixty-fourth year, illustrating inclusive-year wording that can appear one year different when converted mechanically.
Creation year 217322
Family lines
Eliphaz is born to Esau
Esau · Eliphaz · AdahJasher places Eliphaz’s birth when Esau was sixty-five. Eliphaz becomes the leading branch through which Amalek and several Edomite chiefs are later traced.
About CY 2185 · age and interval count23
Family lines
Jacob reaches Laban’s house
Jacob · Laban · Leah · RachelAfter fourteen years with Eber in Jasher’s account, Jacob reaches Haran and begins twenty years of service. Events in Esau’s household are synchronized below by Jasher’s numbered years of Jacob’s service.
Third year in Haran24
Family lines
Reuel is born to Esau
Esau · Reuel · BashemathJasher synchronizes Reuel’s birth with Jacob’s third year at Laban’s house. Genesis names Reuel as a son of Esau and Bashemath.
Sixth year in Haran25
Nations and settlements
Esau’s household settles in Seir
Esau · Oholibamah · children of SeirJasher describes Esau’s growing household, conflict over pasture, removal to Seir, and intermarriage with the Horites. Genesis likewise says Esau went from Jacob and dwelt in mount Seir.
Creation year 220526
Rivalries and wars
Jacob and Esau meet after twenty years
Jacob · Esau · sons of SeirJacob returns from Padan-aram and Esau approaches with four hundred men. The brothers embrace, but their households continue separately in Canaan and Seir.
About CY 2207 · sequence placement27
Rivalries and wars
Shechem falls and surrounding kings mobilize
Dinah · Simeon · Levi · kings of CanaanScripture records Shechem and the fear that followed. Jasher expands the episode into a series of conflicts with neighboring Amorite kings and a later covenant; those additions remain historical testimony, not KJV narrative.
Creation year 221428
Nations and settlements
Joseph passes through Midianite and Ishmaelite hands
Joseph · Midianites · IshmaelitesAt seventeen Joseph is sold and carried toward Egypt. Genesis uses both Midianite and Ishmaelite designations in the account; Jasher supplies a sequential trading narrative.
Creation year 222829
Family lines
Isaac dies; Esau chooses Seir’s wealth
Isaac · Jacob · Esau · NebajothIsaac’s 180 years end in the established count. Jasher says Esau took the movable wealth while Jacob retained the land claim and Machpelah, after which Esau returned permanently to Seir.
Creation year 222830
Kings and rule
Joseph becomes ruler under Pharaoh
Joseph · Pharaoh · EgyptJoseph stands before Pharaoh at thirty and is placed over Egypt. The nation track now meets the seven years of plenty and famine already counted on the main timeline.
During the years of plenty31
Nations and settlements
Joseph assists Ishmael’s descendants in Havilah
Joseph · children of Ishmael · TarshishJasher reports an Egyptian campaign led by Joseph to aid Ishmael’s descendants against the children of Tarshish. Genesis does not record this campaign, so it is shown only as Jasher historical material.
Creation year 223732
Kings and rule
Jacob’s household enters Egypt
Jacob · Joseph · Pharaoh · IsraelJacob enters Egypt at 130 in the second year of famine. This fixed point begins the relative Egypt-year notices used later by Jasher for Pharaohs and Edomite kings.
CY 2254 · after Jacob’s death33
Rivalries and wars
Esau dies during Jacob’s burial
Esau · Jacob · Chushim · sons of EsauJasher says that after seventy days of mourning and the funeral journey to Machpelah, Esau opposed Jacob’s burial and Chushim slew him. Because Jacob and Esau were twins, this places Esau at about 147 years old and ends both lives in the same Creation year. The KJV records Jacob’s burial but does not record Esau’s death.
Immediately after Esau’s death · Jasher34
Rivalries and wars
The houses of Esau and Jacob fight at Hebron
Joseph · sons of Jacob · Eliphaz · ZephoJasher continues the burial account with a battle at Hebron. Zepho, Esau’s grandson, is taken to Egypt, while Esau’s remaining family carries his body to Seir. This battle and its numbers are not recorded in the KJV.
After the Hebron battle · sequence only35
Rivalries and wars
Esau’s descendants take possession of Seir
sons of Esau · sons of Seir · Midian · children of the eastJasher describes repeated battles in Paran, the defeat of the Horites, and Esau’s descendants dividing Seir among their five family branches. Genesis records that Esau dwelt in Seir and lists both lines, but not this campaign sequence.
About CY 2257 · accession row 036
Kings and rule
Bela becomes Edom’s first named king
Bela son of Beor · Edom · DinhabahJasher says the descendants of Esau selected Bela, a foreign warrior from Dinhabah, and that he reigned thirty years. Genesis names Bela as the first king in Edom before any king reigned over Israel; the starting year is calculated from Jasher’s later thirtieth-year notice.
Magron accession row 0 · Jasher parallel37
Kings and rule
Magron succeeds the Pharaoh who elevated Joseph
Magron · Joseph · PharaohJasher says the Pharaoh of Joseph’s rise died and his son Magron succeeded him, while Joseph continued directing Egypt’s government. Exodus does not name these Pharaohs, so the names and reign details remain Jasher testimony.
Bela’s final row · Jobab accession row 038
Rivalries and wars
Bela falls in Edom’s second attack on Egypt
Bela · Joseph · Edom · Ishmael · children of the eastJasher reports that Edom and its allies attacked at Rameses to free Zepho. Joseph and his brothers defeated them, Bela died, and Jobab of Bozrah became king. The KJV does not narrate this war.
Chusham accession row 0 · Jasher parallel39
Kings and rule
Chusham succeeds Jobab in Edom
Jobab · Chusham · EdomJasher assigns Jobab ten years and then names Chusham of Teman as his successor. Genesis preserves the same royal order—Bela, Jobab, then Husham—without supplying reign lengths.
71st year after Israel entered Egypt40
Family lines
Joseph dies at 110
Joseph · Ephraim · Manasseh · IsraelGenesis gives Joseph’s age and preserves his promise concerning the Exodus. Jasher places his death in the seventy-first year after Jacob’s household entered Egypt and describes the transfer of authority back to Pharaoh.
Creation year 230941
Kings and rule
A new Egyptian oppression begins
Pharaoh · children of IsraelThe main timeline places the beginning of oppression after Joseph’s death. Jasher’s later Pharaoh and Edom notices can be compared against this fixed backbone without allowing their relative reign statements to replace it.
Zepho transition marker · Jasher parallel42
Kings and rule
Zepho escapes Egypt and rises among Chittim
Zepho · Angeas · Chittim · TubalJasher says Zepho escaped captivity, became captain under Angeas, then went to Chittim and was eventually crowned there. His wars, fifty-year reign, and connection to Italia are later historical claims found in Jasher, not in Scripture.
Hadad accession row 0 · Jasher parallel43
Kings and rule
Hadad son of Bedad succeeds Chusham
Chusham · Hadad son of Bedad · EdomJasher places Chusham’s death beside the deaths of Jacob’s sons and makes Hadad the next Edomite king. Genesis preserves the succession and associates Hadad with a victory over Midian in Moab.
84th year after Israel entered Egypt · Jasher44
Rivalries and wars
Edom, Moab, and Midian enter a cycle of war
Hadad · Moab · Midian · children of KeturahJasher expands Genesis’s short notice about Hadad into campaigns that made Moab tributary and produced lasting hostility between Moab and Midian. Its own reign figures around Hadad do not agree cleanly, so the synchronism is marked with caution.
93rd year after Israel entered Egypt · Jasher45
Nations and settlements
Levi dies and the oppression intensifies
Levi · Israelites · EgyptiansJasher associates Levi’s death with the loss of the last generation that remembered Joseph and says Egypt then confiscated Israel’s fields, houses, and vineyards. Exodus gives the controlling summary that Joseph’s generation died and a new king afflicted Israel.
Egypt year 102 · Melol accession row 0 · Jasher parallel46
Kings and rule
Melol becomes Pharaoh
Melol · Israelites · ZephoJasher names Melol as the Pharaoh who succeeded Magron and places his accession in the 102nd year of Israel’s stay in Egypt. Exodus does not name the king, so Melol remains a Jasher identification rather than a biblical one.
CY 2362 · 125th year in Egypt47
Kings and rule
Jasher synchronizes Egypt with an Edomite reign
Pharaoh · Samlah · EdomJasher’s 125th year from Jacob’s descent lands near CY 2362 and says Samlah had reigned eighteen years. Because nearby reign notices are not always internally seamless, this is a synchronization marker—not permission to rewrite the established chronology.
125th year after Israel entered Egypt · Jasher48
Kings and rule
Pharaoh’s counselors debate how to suppress Israel
Pharaoh · Balaam · Job · Jethro · IsraelJasher gives a lengthy council scene and attributes different responses to Balaam, Job, and Jethro. Exodus records Pharaoh’s policies but does not name these counselors; their participation is therefore clearly marked as Jasher-only testimony.
Creation year 236649
Kings and rule
Moses is born among competing kingdoms
Moses · Pharaoh · Edom · IshmaelThe established Creation count places Moses’ birth in 2366. Jasher surrounds the oppression with conflicts involving Egypt, descendants of Esau and Ishmael, and rulers of Chittim; those wider reports remain separately labeled.
Moses age two · living his third year · Jasher50
Family lines
The crown and coal account
Moses · Pharaoh · Balaam · BathiaJasher places this account in the third year from Moses’ birth—after two years had been completed. It tells how the child Moses removed Pharaoh’s crown and was tested with a jewel and a coal, connecting the coal to his difficulty of speech. Exodus says only that Moses was raised by Pharaoh’s daughter and later described himself as slow of speech.
Moses at age eighteen · Jasher51
Rivalries and wars
Moses flees Egypt and joins the siege of Cush
Moses · Kikianus · Balaam · CushExodus records Moses fleeing to Midian after killing an Egyptian. Jasher inserts a long period in Cush: nine years with Kikianus’s army followed by Moses being made king. This extended sequence is not supplied by Scripture.
Moses at age twenty-seven · Jasher52
Kings and rule
Moses begins a forty-year reign in Cush
Moses · children of Cush · Aram · children of the eastJasher says Moses overcame the fortified city, reigned over Cush for forty years, and subdued Aram and the children of the east. None of this reign appears in Exodus, so it belongs to the historical-parallel track only.
180th year after Israel entered Egypt · Jasher53
Rivalries and wars
A company of Ephraim attempts an early exodus
children of Ephraim · Philistines of GathJasher reports that thirty thousand Ephraimites miscalculated the promised period, left Egypt without provision, and were defeated near Gath. This is later connected by some readers with the dry bones of Ezekiel 37, but the event itself is not narrated in the KJV.
Moses at age sixty-six · Cush year 39 completed54
Family lines
Moses leaves Cush and goes to Midian
Moses · Adoniah · Reuel · ZipporahJasher ends Moses’ forty-year Cush reign at age sixty-six, then says Reuel imprisoned him for ten years while Zipporah secretly sustained him. Exodus records Moses arriving in Midian, helping Reuel’s daughters, and marrying Zipporah, but not the imprisonment.
Egypt year 206 · Adikam accession row 0 · Jasher parallel55
Kings and rule
Adikam succeeds Melol as Pharaoh
Adikam · Melol · IsraelitesJasher places Adikam’s accession in the 206th year of Israel’s stay in Egypt and assigns him a short four-year reign. Exodus names neither ruler and presents the oppression and divine remembrance without this royal chronology.
Near the Exodus · Jasher sequence56
Family lines
Moses marries Zipporah and returns toward Egypt
Moses · Zipporah · Gershom · Eliezer · ReuelJasher places Moses’ marriage and sons after his release, then follows the biblical call to return to Egypt. Its compressed placement is kept as narrative sequence rather than used to replace the established biblical chronology.
Creation year 244657
Rivalries and wars
The Exodus carries the companion tracks forward
Israel · Pharaoh · Edom · Moab · MidianThe Exodus begins Israel’s Nisan calendar and leads toward encounters with Edom, Moab, Ammon, Midian, Amalek, and the Canaanite kingdoms. Jasher’s remaining chapters now continue on their own companion page.
Deeper-study pathways
Follow Jasher’s added history by subject.
Each pathway begins in the on-site Jasher reader. Use the KJV links in the timeline above to test every parallel against Scripture.
Jasher 56–58 · 62 · 66 · 69 · 74 · 78
Esau, Seir, and the kings of Edom
Trace Esau’s death, the wars with Seir, the taking of the land, and the succession from Bela through Hadad. Compare the preserved royal list with Genesis 36.Begin this study →Jasher 57 · 60–63 · 67
Zepho and the western kingdoms
Follow Zepho from captivity in Egypt to Africa, Chittim, Tubal, and Italia. These accounts are valuable historical parallels, but none is presented as biblical narrative.Begin this study →Jasher 57–59
Joseph’s wider government
Examine the wars, tribute system, Pharaoh’s succession, Joseph’s authority, and the transition after his death alongside Genesis 41 and 50.Begin this study →Job 1–42 · Jasher 66
When did Job live?
Compare Scripture’s internal clues with Jasher’s placement of a Job from Uz in Pharaoh’s court—without treating the proposed identification as proven.Begin this study →Jasher 68–76
Moses before Midian
Study the childhood stories, flight at eighteen, siege of Cush, reported forty-year reign, and departure at sixty-six beside the much shorter account in Exodus 2.Begin this study →Jasher 75
The premature departure of Ephraim
Review Jasher’s account of the Ephraimites who left Egypt early, why the text says they failed, and what Scripture does—and does not—say about the episode.Begin this study →The calculation desk
Nimrod’s numbers are preserved—not quietly harmonized.
Jasher places Nimrod’s death after Abraham’s death, in the fifteenth year of Jacob and Esau.
2123 − 215 gives a working birth year of CY 1908.
Jasher 7 associates his rise as king with age forty.
A 185-year reign ending in 2123 would begin in 1938—ten years before the age-forty sequence. Both claims remain visible for review.